Rise of Mao Notes

Chapter 3- The Abortivness of  Bourgeois and Proletarian Revolution

• 1921- CCP formed by young (Marxist) individuals 
• very traditional Marxist ideology, thought they needed a revolution from the proletariat
• Industrial Workers/ miners formed unions, had strikes and demonstrations 
• put down by Warlords, realized brute military force was needed for future revolution-unions easily repressed 
• 1922- Soviet representatives told China's CCP that their revolution & the international revolution was years away
• 1924 CCP allies with Gumindang in Guangzhou
• Public demanding unification and national independence 

1925-1927 Revolution

• GMD CCP alliance, GMD reach and necessary materials, CCP (much smaller) but with ties to Moscow and the soviet communist party
• May 30, 1925 Demonstration in Shanghai
•  June 23 Uprising in Guangzhou left 50 Chinese shot by British imperialist soldiers 
• Set off strike & boycott of British goods & 100,000 migrated from Hong-Kong to Guangzhou 
• Workers outraged, joined by half a million peasants= rising threat 
• Sun Yatsen (original GMD leader) died 
• March 1925 Chang Kaishek takes over as new leader 
• 1926 March north to unify the country, they defeated warlord armies 
• GMD as well as CCP membership soared 
• CCP auxiliary groups such as the Socialist Youth Corps gained membership too
• GMD emerged as the party of the land owners
• March 1927, Workers seized control of parts of Shanghai, awaited Nationalist Army liberation
• Nationalist army instead came in and attacked the communists. Alliance dead
• April 12, '97 "Green Gang" forces with National Army forces attacked communist headquarters at night- Pushed all Communists out of the city & destroyed any radical movements
• 1927- National Army attacked Canton Commune- killed thousands 
• CCP break from GMD
• Numbers obliterated, party leaderless, driven out of cities 
• CCP broke ties with Soviet movement b/c soviet advice to stay in unified front is what got so many of them killed in the first place
• realized military & political independence was necessary for a revolution 
• New realization of the importance of a peasant revolution 
• Sent the CCP into rural areas to start over with peasant support 
• GMD & Chaing Kaishek's northward march created an "incomplete National Unification"
• "Unification" was actually more that Chaing had made alliances with the worlord armies than an elimination of the warlord "culture" of China 
• "National Independence" was actually more that Chaing met agreements with imperial powers than actually achieving independence from them

Chapter 4- Maoist Revolution and the Yan'an Legacy 

JAINGXI 1931-1934

• Mao Ze-dong led the remnants of the military force to Jinggangshan (remote mountain village bordering Hunan and Jiangxi)
• 1931- "Chinese Soviet Republic" formed
• Capital city  Ruijin in Jaingxi Provence 
• Built a tiny military base in the remote town backed by peasant farmers
• Met by 1,000 rebel soldiers led by Zhu De
•  became the commander of the New "Mao-Zhu Army" (later the Red Army) and partner to Mao (Mao learned a lot of military tactics from Zhu De
• Mao-Zhu Army learned Guerrilla tactics 
• PASTE IN JAINGXI NOTES FROM CLASS 
• Some small rebel communist armies still took orders from the Soviets
•  tried to attack cities & stage uprisings to spark a revolution
• Demoralized urban working-class --> 
• 1930- End of communist hopes to regain proletariat base 

Long March 

• 1935 Long March began
• PASTE IN LONG MARCH NOTES
• The "Twenty-Eight Bolsheviks" (group of young communists trained at Sun Yat-Sen university to carry out Stalin's wishes in China vied for power of the party & the Red Army
• During the Long March their power eroded, Mao clear leader
• late 1935- Mao's forces joined by Shaanxi by several thousand soldiers lead by Liu Zhidan
• Remnants of forces who had abandoned their small base in Hunan- lead by He Long
• Troops lead by Zhang Guotao and Zhu De (that had previously broken off) rejoined
• ^^All still only numbered about 30,000

Yan'an Era & Peasent Revolution Notes

• Yan'an- 
• incredibly impoverished
• infertile land, could barely support a small impoverished population 
• Peasants joining the army did "not even bring chopsticks; they are utterly destitute"
• People lived in austere wooden houses and cave dwellings 
• PASTE IN YA'NAN NOTES 
• Japan invaded
• GMD did not have the resources to fight Japanese & CCP
• Japan conquered cities, but not enough manpower to conquer the Rural parts of China 
• GMD forced to push to the West, lost control of much of China 
• CCP able to spread out of remote mountain village 
• CCP's guerrilla warfare spread out among the countryside- military bases multiplied. 
• GMD did little to protect from the Japanese- CCP pushed nationalist party line- gained support
• Mao "remolded" people, to fit orthodox party line & have "correct" thoughts 
• especially  targeted the intellectuals 

The Origins of Moaism 

• PASTE IN MOAIST NOTES