Chapter 3- The Abortivness of Bourgeois and Proletarian Revolution
- 1921- CCP formed by young (Marxist) individuals
- very traditional Marxist ideology, thought they needed a revolution from the proletariat
- Industrial Workers/ miners formed unions, had strikes and demonstrations
- put down by Warlords, realized brute military force was needed for future revolution-unions easily repressed
- 1922- Soviet representatives told China's CCP that their revolution & the international revolution was years away
- 1924 CCP allies with Gumindang in Guangzhou
- Public demanding unification and national independence
1925-1927 Revolution
- GMD CCP alliance, GMD reach and necessary materials, CCP (much smaller) but with ties to Moscow and the soviet communist party
- May 30, 1925 Demonstration in Shanghai
- June 23 Uprising in Guangzhou left 50 Chinese shot by British imperialist soldiers
- Set off strike & boycott of British goods & 100,000 migrated from Hong-Kong to Guangzhou
- Workers outraged, joined by half a million peasants= rising threat
- Sun Yatsen (original GMD leader) died
- March 1925 Chang Kaishek takes over as new leader
- 1926 March north to unify the country, they defeated warlord armies
- GMD as well as CCP membership soared
- CCP auxiliary groups such as the Socialist Youth Corps gained membership too
- GMD emerged as the party of the land owners
- March 1927, Workers seized control of parts of Shanghai, awaited Nationalist Army liberation
- Nationalist army instead came in and attacked the communists. Alliance dead
- April 12, '97 "Green Gang" forces with National Army forces attacked communist headquarters at night- Pushed all Communists out of the city & destroyed any radical movements
- 1927- National Army attacked Canton Commune- killed thousands
- CCP break from GMD
- Numbers obliterated, party leaderless, driven out of cities
- CCP broke ties with Soviet movement b/c soviet advice to stay in unified front is what got so many of them killed in the first place
- realized military & political independence was necessary for a revolution
- New realization of the importance of a peasant revolution
- Sent the CCP into rural areas to start over with peasant support
- GMD & Chaing Kaishek's northward march created an "incomplete National Unification"
- "Unification" was actually more that Chaing had made alliances with the worlord armies than an elimination of the warlord "culture" of China
- "National Independence" was actually more that Chaing met agreements with imperial powers than actually achieving independence from them
Chapter 4- Maoist Revolution and the Yan'an Legacy
JAINGXI 1931-1934
- Mao Ze-dong led the remnants of the military force to Jinggangshan (remote mountain village bordering Hunan and Jiangxi)
- 1931- "Chinese Soviet Republic" formed
- Capital city Ruijin in Jaingxi Provence
- Built a tiny military base in the remote town backed by peasant farmers
- Met by 1,000 rebel soldiers led by Zhu De
- became the commander of the New "Mao-Zhu Army" (later the Red Army) and partner to Mao (Mao learned a lot of military tactics from Zhu De
- Mao-Zhu Army learned Guerrilla tactics
- PASTE IN JAINGXI NOTES FROM CLASS
- Some small rebel communist armies still took orders from the Soviets
- tried to attack cities & stage uprisings to spark a revolution
- Demoralized urban working-class -->
- 1930- End of communist hopes to regain proletariat base
Long March
- 1935 Long March began
- PASTE IN LONG MARCH NOTES
- The "Twenty-Eight Bolsheviks" (group of young communists trained at Sun Yat-Sen university to carry out Stalin's wishes in China vied for power of the party & the Red Army
- During the Long March their power eroded, Mao clear leader
- late 1935- Mao's forces joined by Shaanxi by several thousand soldiers lead by Liu Zhidan
- Remnants of forces who had abandoned their small base in Hunan- lead by He Long
- Troops lead by Zhang Guotao and Zhu De (that had previously broken off) rejoined
- ^^All still only numbered about 30,000
Yan'an Era & Peasent Revolution Notes
- Yan'an-
- incredibly impoverished
- infertile land, could barely support a small impoverished population
- Peasants joining the army did "not even bring chopsticks; they are utterly destitute"
- People lived in austere wooden houses and cave dwellings
- PASTE IN YA'NAN NOTES
- Japan invaded
- GMD did not have the resources to fight Japanese & CCP
- Japan conquered cities, but not enough manpower to conquer the Rural parts of China
- GMD forced to push to the West, lost control of much of China
- CCP able to spread out of remote mountain village
- CCP's guerrilla warfare spread out among the countryside- military bases multiplied.
- GMD did little to protect from the Japanese- CCP pushed nationalist party line- gained support
- Mao "remolded" people, to fit orthodox party line & have "correct" thoughts
- especially targeted the intellectuals
The Origins of Moaism
